Impact of Climate Change

1. Lithosphere
   
   Soil degradation is an example of climate change that has had an impact on the lithosphere. Turkey has had a decrease in winter precipitation, which has resulted in a degradation of the soil moisture content and a depletion of the ground water level over most of the country. These dry winters and humid conditions will result to an increase of climatic changes towards soil degradation such as in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Turkey as shown below in the picture. 
   
   
2. Hydrosphere
   
   Saltwater intrusion has affected countries along the Adriatic and the Mediterranean sea. Because of the rise of sea water levels, there is saltwater intrusion. 
   
   
   
   Saltwater intrusion into aquifers have affected the Turkish coasts. It is one of the key potential effects of sea level rise in cities such as Istanbul.
   
   
   
   The Turkish coasts affect the fresh drinking water of people who live in the country. It also affects the crops and vegetation needed to grow for food. Without fresh water and the continuous rise of sea levels, Turkey might be left with no source of fresh water to drink and grow food, and possibly great floods that will destroy the city.
   
   
   
3. Biosphere
   
   One of Turkey's major crops, wheat fields, are being destroyed because of climate change. With the increase of temperature and lack of precipitation, these wheat fields don't grow. With damages on Turkey's major crops, food for the people will become a problem and economic trade with other countries will have a negative impact. Living things such as humans and animals, will be greatly affected.
   
   
4. Atmosphere
   Turkey has experienced a great change in air temperature due to climate change. Annual temperature over the period 1961–1990 showed a trend of statistically significant warming over land in south-east Europe of approximately 0.4–0.6°C per decade. The trend for Turkey is relatively large over summer at 0.34°C per decade. The trend for Turkey in winter is very small at -0.01°C per decade. If the trend continues and it gets warmer, crops would not grow with too much heat and people could be affected with heat stroke.